The correlation between the true standard deviation (ߪ) and the estimated

viation (ߪො) using the Equation (6.16).

pression is included into the initial tight cluster (ܢ^ା) if it satisfies

wing condition, where ݔ௜ stands for either a control expression or

xpression and the tight cluster box is sized by four standard

s (between െ2ߪො and ൅2ߪො) from the left to the right of the mean

ht cluster ߤ,

ܢ^ାൌ∪ሼݔ௜|∀ݔ௜∈ሾߤെ2ߪො, ߤ൅2ߪොሿሽ

(6.17)

s way, the initial tight cluster is composed of part or all control

ns and maybe a few case expressions. The rest of expressions,

n be some control expressions and case expressions, are treated

ndidate outliers. The candidate list is denoted by ܢ^ି. They are

ed in an ascending order. As in [Yang and Yang, 2013], each

e outlier is tested one by one in terms of its relationship with the

ter. The one in the candidate list, which is most close to the tight

ox ܢ^ା defined above, is selected for testing at the first. If the

hip is significant, this candidate outlier is merged into the tight

ା and the parameters of the tight cluster are updated. The merged

e outlier is removed from the candidate outlier set ܢ^ି and the test

s. If a candidate outlier cannot be merged into the tight cluster, a

ocess is terminated. At this point, all the rest candidates in ܢ^ି are

s the outliers or the outstanding case expressions for a DEG. To

because the initial candidate list has been ordered. If the first of

ning candidates in ܢ^ି cannot be merged into the tight cluster ܢ^ା,

st of candidates cannot be merged into the tight cluster as well.